How will changes in temperature impact the rate at which ice deforms under its own weight? To what extent will liquid water reaching the bottom of a glacier lubricate its bed and cause the ice to slide faster into the ocean? These measurements are important, to be sure, but laser altimetry provides no direct information about what’s happening beneath the surface, including how the ice deforms and how it slides over the underlying rock.Īnd as we try to understand how ice sheets are responding to new climate extremes, these processes are key. With information from these NASA satellites, scientists measure the change in elevation, which they use to infer the net impact of surface processes such as snowfall and melting and the rates at which the ice sheets release icebergs into the ocean. ICESat, launched in 2003, and its successor, ICESat-2, launched in 2018. Scientists have long looked at changes in the surface height of ice sheets, using data collected from satellite-borne laser altimeters. candidate at Stanford University, launches Peregrine at Norway’s Slakbreen glacier. Thomas Teisberg, an electrical engineering Ph.D. And the data that Peregrine will gather will help scientists to understand how these critical areas will respond to climate change. Although neither ice sheet is expected to melt completely anytime soon, their incredible scale makes even small changes consequential for the future of our planet. These great masses store enough water to raise global sea level by 65 meters should they melt entirely. Harsh as the weather is here, we intend for Peregrine to operate in even tougher conditions, regularly surveying the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. The last of our computers that is still working is sitting on top of a small heating pad inside its own little tent. Our phones, laptops, and cameras are rapidly failing. It’s –27 ☌, dipping below –40 ☌ with wind chill-well below the operating temperature of most of the commercial equipment we brought for this expedition. I’m part of a team testing Peregrine-a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with miniaturized ice-penetrating radar, which can image the glacial ice all the way down to the bedrock below. Each course concludes with a multiple-choice final exam.I’ m standing on top of 100 meters of ice, watching a drone crisscross the Slakbreen glacier on Norway’s Svalbard archipelago, more than 600 kilometers north of the mainland. There are also weekly programming assignments, where you implement one of the algorithms covered in lecture in a programming language of your choosing. Every week, there is a multiple choice quiz to test your understanding of the most important concepts. Learners will practice and master the fundamentals of algorithms through several types of assessments. He has taught and published extensively on the subject of algorithms and their applications. After completing this specialization, you will be well-positioned to ace your technical interviews and speak fluently about algorithms with other programmers and computer scientists.Ībout the instructor: Tim Roughgarden has been a professor in the Computer Science Department at Stanford University since 2004. The specialization is rigorous but emphasizes the big picture and conceptual understanding over low-level implementation and mathematical details. This specialization is an introduction to algorithms for learners with at least a little programming experience. Algorithms are the heart of computer science, and the subject has countless practical applications as well as intellectual depth.
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